ABSTRACT
A comparative study was carried out to evaluate peribulbar anaesthesia (group A) vs subconjunctival anaesthesia (group B). The results proved peribulbar anaesthesia to be more effective than subconjunctival anaesthesia as regards orbicularis akinesia (p < 0.05) and ocular akinesia (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the sensory anaesthesia, analgesia and intraocular pressure changes in the two groups (p > 0.05). Block assessment was ideal in 80% of patients in group A in comparison to 51% in group B (p < 0.05), and unsatisfactory in 14% in group A and 30% in group B (p < 0.05). Further, no significant complications were observed with peribulbar anaesthesia. Therefore, we conclude that peribulbar anaesthesia should be preferred over subconjunctival anaesthesia for conventional extracapsular cataract extraction with or without intraocular lens implantation.
Subject(s)
Anesthesia, Local/methods , Cataract Extraction , Conjunctiva/drug effects , Orbit/drug effects , Anesthetics, Local/administration & dosage , Autonomic Nerve Block/methods , Female , Humans , Injections , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Tear film profile was studied in 30 patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy. Tear film pH, fluorescein staining, marginal tear strip and Schimer test values in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy were comparable with controls, indicating normal tear secretion. Tear film break-up-time (BUT) in late Graves' ophthalmopathy was significantly low suggesting unstable tear film. Rose bengal as well as lissamine green staining intensity scores were significantly high, indicating presence of drying epithelial cells in early as well as late Graves' ophthalmopathy patients.
Subject(s)
Graves Disease/physiopathology , Tears/physiology , Adolescent , Adult , Dry Eye Syndromes/physiopathology , Female , Humans , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Lacrimal Apparatus/physiology , Male , Middle Aged , Random AllocationABSTRACT
A clinico-investigative profile was studied in 30 patients with Graves' Ophthalmopathy (GO) (15 each with early and late). In accordance to the thyroid status 63.3% of patients were hyperthyroid and 36.7% euthyroid. There was slight female preponderence, with ratio being 1.5:1. Exophthalmometric readings were significantly high in GO patients as compared to controls. However, no significant diagnostic role of postural exophthalmometry was seen. Positional tonometery may have respectable place among the tests for early diagnosis of GO; however, it could not differentiate between hyperthyroid and euthyroid cases. Further the role of ultrasonography, if available could not be overemphasized.
Subject(s)
Graves Disease/physiopathology , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Graves Disease/diagnosis , Humans , Intraocular Pressure , Male , Middle Aged , Oculomotor Muscles/diagnostic imaging , Thyrotropin/blood , Thyroxine/blood , Tonometry, Ocular , Triiodothyronine/blood , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
An experimental study of the oculorespiratory reflex (ORR) was conducted on 20 albino rabbits using a square wave (SW) type of stimulus. The ORR could be elicited in 100% of animals. The medial rectus was observed to be most reflexogenic for ORR. The frequency and pattern of ORR was not affected by bilateral vagotomy, intravenous atropine or glycopyrrolate, but could be completely abolished by retrobular block.
Subject(s)
Ocular Physiological Phenomena , Reflex/physiology , Respiration/physiology , Animals , Apnea/etiology , Atropine/pharmacology , Glycopyrrolate/pharmacology , Oculomotor Muscles/physiology , Rabbits , Reflex/drug effects , VagotomyABSTRACT
Bilateral proptosis due to metastatic Ewing's sarcoma is an extremely rare presentation and thus merits reporting. The role of fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis is highlighted.
Subject(s)
Bone Neoplasms/pathology , Exophthalmos/etiology , Orbital Neoplasms/secondary , Sarcoma, Ewing/secondary , Biopsy, Needle , Child , Humans , Ilium/pathology , Male , Orbital Neoplasms/complications , Sarcoma, Ewing/complications , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
Low levels of tear lysozyme were observed in patients with infective corneal ulcers, when compared with controls. Lowest levels were seen in patients with bacterial corneal ulcers. The levels of tear lysozyme showed a corresponding decrease with the increase in Schirmer test values; meaning thereby, that in ocular conditions associated with increased rate of tear flow, the lysozyme content in tears tends to be low.
Subject(s)
Corneal Ulcer/enzymology , Eye Infections/enzymology , Muramidase/analysis , Tears/enzymology , Adult , Corneal Ulcer/microbiology , Eye Infections, Bacterial/enzymology , Eye Infections, Fungal/enzymology , Eye Infections, Viral/enzymology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
One hundred consecutive cases of dry eye were studied to comment upon its epidemiological aspects. The incidence of dry eye amongst ophthalmic outpatients was 0.46% with a male:female ratio of 1:1.22. Fifty seven percent of the patients were above 50 years of age. The incidence was higher amongst outdoor workers and people from rural areas with poor socioeconomic status. The influence of hot and dry climate and nutritional status on dry eye incidence is discussed.
Subject(s)
Dry Eye Syndromes/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Ambulatory Care , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Incidence , India/epidemiology , Male , Middle Aged , Nutritional Status , Occupational Diseases/epidemiology , Social ClassABSTRACT
Lens, aqueous humour and serum LDH and its isoenzyme pattern were estimated in 50 patients with senile cataract; 10 each with immature senile cortical cataract, mature senile cortical cataract, hypermature senile cortical cataract, immature senile nuclear cataract and mature senile nuclear cataract. The gradual decrease in total LDH and activity in the lens with advancement of cataract was maximum in hypermature senile cortical cataract. Aqueous LDH and its isoenzyme pattern remained unaltered with the maturity of cataract, and serum LDH and its isoenzyme pattern were found to be within normal limits. The lens LDH activity was found to be not related to the serum and aqueous humour LDH activity, but LDH3 isoenzyme showed declining trend, whereas LDH5 isoenzyme increased with the maturity of cataract. The present study concluded that significant decrease in lens LDH did not bear any relationship to LDH in serum and aqueous humour in cases of senile cataract.
Subject(s)
Aqueous Humor/enzymology , Cataract/enzymology , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Lens, Crystalline/enzymology , Aged , Cataract/classification , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel , Female , Humans , Isoenzymes , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Tear film profile was studied in 100 consecutive patients with dry eye along with 100 age and sex matched controls. The frequency of abnormal tear function tests observed in patients with dry eye and controls was: marginal tear strip 93% and 11%, rose bengal staining 89% and 0%, lissamine green staining 87% and 0%, BUT 79% and 14%, Schirmer test 79% and 3% and fluorescein staining 69% and 0%, respectively. No significant difference was observed between tear pH of patients with dry eye and that of normal healthy subjects. A new, simple and effective objective criteria of confirming and grading dry eye based upon a points scoring system derived from the results of various tear film tests is suggested.
Subject(s)
Dry Eye Syndromes/diagnosis , Tears/metabolism , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Case-Control Studies , Child , Child, Preschool , Dry Eye Syndromes/classification , Female , Fluorescein , Fluoresceins , Humans , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Lissamine Green Dyes , Male , Middle Aged , Rose Bengal , Vision TestsABSTRACT
Twenty-five patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) were treated with 1% indomethacin eyedrops and were followed for 5 weeks. Apart from 4 patients all of them showed marked improvement. The possible mechanism of the role of indomethacin in VKC is discussed.
Subject(s)
Conjunctivitis, Allergic/drug therapy , Indomethacin/therapeutic use , Administration, Topical , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Ophthalmic Solutions , PrognosisABSTRACT
Serum and tear IgA, IgG and IgM levels were studied in patients with bacterial, fungal and viral corneal ulcers. In patients with viral corneal ulcers serum IgA and IgG levels were found to be significantly raised, while IgM concentration remained unaltered. In bacterial and mycotic ulcerations, serum IgA, IgG and IgM levels remained unaltered. All three immunoglobulins were found to be raised in tears of patients with viral corneal ulcers, while only IgA levels were found to be increased in bacterial and mycotic ulcerations.
Subject(s)
Corneal Ulcer/immunology , Eye Infections, Bacterial/immunology , Eye Infections, Fungal/immunology , Eye Infections, Viral/immunology , Immunoglobulins/analysis , Tears/immunology , Adult , Antibodies, Bacterial/analysis , Antibodies, Bacterial/immunology , Antibodies, Fungal/analysis , Antibodies, Fungal/immunology , Antibodies, Viral/analysis , Antibodies, Viral/immunology , Corneal Ulcer/microbiology , Female , Humans , Immunoglobulin A/analysis , Immunoglobulin A/immunology , Immunoglobulin G/analysis , Immunoglobulin G/immunology , Immunoglobulin M/analysis , Immunoglobulin M/immunology , Immunoglobulins/immunology , MaleABSTRACT
Tear film flow and stability studies were carried out in healthy population by Schirmer's test-1 and tear film break-up-time (BUT) measurements, respectively. The mean BUT observed was 13.87 +/- 4.79 seconds; however, in 22 percent of cases the values of BUT were even less than the lowest values laid down by various workers, from the Western countries. Maximum dry spots were located in the temporal quadrant.
Subject(s)
Tears/metabolism , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Female , Humans , India , Male , Middle Aged , Reference ValuesABSTRACT
Endogenous aspergillus endophthalmitis is not a common entity. So far, about 25 cases have been reported in the world literature, and to the best of our-knowledge, the crystalline lens was invaded by the fungus in none of the cases, as seen in the present case. This unusual feature, coupled with the rarity of the condition in general, made it worth reporting.
Subject(s)
Aspergillosis/etiology , Endophthalmitis/microbiology , Anterior Chamber/pathology , Aspergillosis/pathology , Aspergillosis/surgery , Endophthalmitis/pathology , Endophthalmitis/surgery , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Sepsis/complicationsABSTRACT
The clinical observations made on 20 patients (24 eyes) of Duane's retraction syndrome are presented. A modification of Huber's classification of the syndrome is suggested in order to make it more clinically orientated.
Subject(s)
Duane Retraction Syndrome/classification , Ophthalmoplegia/classification , Duane Retraction Syndrome/diagnosis , Female , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
We compared the cycloplegic effects of cyclopentolate, homatropine and atropine by the retinoscopy findings and residual accommodation left following their use in the same individual. The mean residual accommodation measured after the use of cyclopentolate, homatropine and atropine was 1.48 +/- 0.33 D, 2.32 +/- 0.37 D and 1.10 D +/- 0.28 D, respectively, and the mean difference in retinoscopy readings between cyclopentolate and homatropine, homatropine and atropine, and atropine and cyclopentolate was 0.46 +/- 0.21, 0.71 +/- 0.23 and 0.26 +/- 0.14, respectively. We further observed that a tonus allowance of about +0.75 D would suffice for cyclopentolate. The merits for recommending cyclopentolate as a routine cycloplegic in children are discussed.
Subject(s)
Atropine/pharmacology , Cyclopentolate/pharmacology , Mydriatics/pharmacology , Parasympatholytics/pharmacology , Phenylacetates/pharmacology , Tropanes/pharmacology , Accommodation, Ocular/drug effects , Adolescent , Child , Clinical Trials as Topic , Humans , OphthalmoscopyABSTRACT
A comparative study of intralesional steroid versus incision and curettage was carried out on 60 chalazia divided into 3 groups according to size. Intralesional therapy proved equally effective in small, multiple and marginal chalazia, while in large lesions incision and curettage scored better.
Subject(s)
Chalazion/drug therapy , Chalazion/surgery , Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use , Chalazion/pathology , Curettage , Humans , Injections, Intralesional , Treatment Outcome , Triamcinolone Acetonide/administration & dosage , Triamcinolone Acetonide/therapeutic useSubject(s)
Cataract Extraction/methods , Glaucoma/surgery , Trabeculectomy/methods , Adult , Aged , Combined Modality Therapy , Female , Humans , Intraocular Pressure , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Methyl cellulose instillation enhanced the values of BUT in healthy individuals, as well as in patients with trachoma stage III and chronic conjunctivitis, while no effect was observed in patients with squamous blepharitis.
